Briefly, the tartan first made its appearance in Old & Rare Scottish Tartans by D. W. Stewart, in 1893. There, he called it "From a Coat Worn at Culloden." (You can see that plate from the book in one of my above photos).
At some point after that (not sure when exactly) weavers began to reproduce it and simply call it "Culloden."
You can get more information about the book here.
You can read more about the history of the tartan, and why the book had such different colors than the original here.













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