This may not have quite the sufficient detail you're after, but one good primer is "Kilts & Tartan Made Easy" by Dr. Nicholas J. Fiddes. Have you read that yet? It's available as a free e-book from Scotweb here: http://www.scotweb.co.uk/kiltsandtartan/

The whole book is interesting, but if you start on pg. 40, it gives some info about different outfits and how they are characterized.